乳製品の栄養ブロック効果
English
チョコレート、飲料と、動脈機能
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ココアとチョコレート- ココアはよくチョコレートといった高い脂質と糖質レベルの食べ物に含まれていますが、ココアパウダー自体は心臓疾患を含む慢性疾患に効果があります。
ティースプーン1杯のココアパウダーは消費してから数時間以内に動脈機能を向上させます。 |
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しかしながら、牛乳を加えることが血流への植物性栄養素の吸収を妨げ、体内におけるチョコレートの抗酸化効果をブロックしてしまいます。
もし、ダークチョコレートを食べたら、1時間以内に血流中でのよい抗酸化効果が得られるでしょう。しかし、ミルクチョコレートや、1杯のミルクと一緒にダークチョコレートを食べた場合には効果は抑制されてしまいます。 コービー、ワイン、茶 - カフェインは多くの潜在的な利点を持っています。しかし、コーヒーを飲んでから30分以内に、明らかに動脈拡張機能の低下がみられます。 |
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赤ワインの話と同じです。アルコールを除去した赤ワインは、ブドウ含まれている成分が動脈機能を向上させますがアルコールが含まれていることによりその効果が相殺されてしまいます。
しかしながら、どのようにしてカフェインの危険性をなくして効果だけを得ることができるのでしょうか？ お茶から得ることができます！お茶に含まれるカフェインの形状は逆の効果を持ち、動脈機能を向上させます- 紅茶でも緑茶でも実質的な効果があります。 |
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お茶は健康な方のみならず、心臓病の方にも効果があり、動脈機能不全を改善させます “グラフ A”。短期的にも長期的にも。
しかしながら、牛乳を加えることでお茶の利点の高い植物性栄養素の吸収も同様に妨げられてしまいます “グラフ B”。 “グラフ C” の水のグラフを見てください。そして何も加えない紅茶（-）を見てください、牛乳によって効果がブロックされていることがわかります。 研究者は3種類の豆乳でも試しました。加糖、カルシウム増強タイプ、無糖。すべてが牛乳と同じ効果を示しています。 |
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A
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B
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C
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もしベリー類を乳製品と一緒に食べたら？
ベリー類- “エラグ酸”はベリーに含まれる植物性栄養素の中でも重要なものの1つと考えられています、例えば、加齢による認知機能の低下を防ぐ効果があります。しかし、“クリーム”のような乳製品を加えるとイチゴやブルーベリーの栄養素の吸収を跨げてしまいます。
Sources
Image Credit
Image Credit
http://nutritionfacts.org/
Lorenz M, Jochmann N, von Krosigk A, Martus P, Baumann G, Stangl K, Stangl V. Addition of milk prevents vascular protective effects of tea. Eur Heart J. 2007 Jan;28(2):219-23. Epub 2007 Jan 9.
L. M. Willis, B. Shukitt-Hale, and J. A. Joseph. Recent advances in berry supplementation and age-related cognitive decline. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 12(1):91{94, 2009.
N. M. A. Hassimotto, M. D. S. Pinto, and F. M. Lajolo. Antioxidant status in humans after consumption of blackberry (rubus fruticosus l.) juices with and without defatted milk. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 56(24):11727{11733, 2008.
M. Serani, M. F. Testa, D. Villa~no, M. Pecorari, K. van Wieren, E. Azzini, A. Brambilla, and G. Maiani. Antioxidant activity of blueberry fruit is impaired by association with milk. Free Radic.Biol. Med., 46(6):769{774, 2009.
M. Lorenz, K. Stangl, and V. Stangl. Vascular effects of tea are suppressed by soy milk. Atherosclerosis, 206(1):31-32, 2009.
B M Popkin, L E Armstrong, G M Bray, B Caballero, B Frei, W C Willett. A new proposed guidance system for beverage consumption in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Mar;83(3):529-42.
S H Jee, J He, L J Appel, P K Whelton, I Suh, M J Klag. Coffee consumption and serum lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Feb 15;153(4):353-62.
S J Duffy, J F Jr, Keaney, M Holbrook, N Gokce, P L Swedloff, B Frei, J A Vita. Short- and long-term black tea consumption reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2001 Jul 10;104(2):151-6.
K Hirata, K Shimada, H Watanabe, R Otsuka, K Tokai, M Yoshiyama, S Homma, J Yoshikawa. Black tea increases coronary flow velocity reserve in healthy male subjects. Am J Cardiol. 2004 Jun 1;93(11):1384-8, A6.
C M Papamichael, K A Aznaouridis, E N Karatzis, K N Karatzi, K S Stamatelopoulos, G Vamvakou, J P Lekakis, M E Mavrikakis. Effect of coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects: the role of caffeine. Clin Sci (Lond). 2005 Jul;109(1):55-60.
N D Freedman, Y Park, C C Abnet, A R Hollenbeck, R Sinha. Association of Coffee Drinking with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality. N Engl J Med. 2012 May 17;366(20):1891-904.
I Spyridopoulous, S Fichtlscherer, R Popp, S W Toennes, B Fissithaler, T Trepels, A Zernecke, E A Liehn, C Weber, A M Zeiher, S Dimmeler, J Haendeler. Caffeine enhances endothelial repair by an AMPK-dependent mechanism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008 Nov;28(11):1967-74.
S Buscemi, S Verga, J A Batsis, M R Tranchina, S Belmonte, A Mattina, A Re, R Rizzo, G Cerasola. Dose-dependent effects of decaffeinated coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Oct;63(10):1200-5.
S Buscemi, J A Batsis, G Arcoleo, S Verga. Coffee and endothelial function: a battle between caffeine and antioxidants? Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Oct;64(10):1242-3.
M Schechter, G Shalmon, M Scheinowitz, N Koren-Morag, M S Feinberg, D Harats, B A Sela, Y Sharabi, P Chouraqui. Impact of acute caffeine ingestion on endothelial function in subjects with and without coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 2011 May 1;107(9):1255-61.
G Siasos, E Oikonomou, C Chrysohoou, D Tousoulis, D Panagiotakos, M Zaromitidou, K Zisimos, E Kokkou, G Marinos, A G Papavassiliou, C Pitsavos, C Stefanadis. Consumption of a boiled Greek type of coffee is associated with improved endothelial function: the Ikaria study. Vasc Med. 2013 Apr;18(2):55-62.
S Agewall, S Wright, R N Doughty, G A Whalley, M Duxbury, N Sharpe. Does a glass of red wine improve endothelial function? Eur Heart J. 2000 Jan;21(1):74-8.
M Namdar, T Schepis, P Koepfli, O Gaemperli, P T Siegrist, R Grathwohi, I Valenta, R Delaloye, M Klainguti, C A Wyss, T F Luscher, P A Kaufmann. Caffeine impairs myocardial blood flow response to physical exercise in patients with coronary artery disease as well as in age-matched controls. PLoS One. 2009 May 22;4(5):e5665.
N Alexopoulos, C Vlachopoulos, K Aznaouridis, K Baou, C Vasiliadou, P Pietri, P Xaplanteris, E Stefanadi, C Stefanadis. The acute effect of green tea consumption on endothelial function in healthy individuals. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2008 Jun;15(3):300-5.
R T Ras, P L Zock, R Draijer. Tea consumption enhances endothelial-dependent vasodilation; a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2011 Mar 4;6(3):e16974.
CVD data to be standardized across Europe. Eur Heart J. 2013 Jun;34(21):1530.
S Vertuani, E Scalambra, T Vittorio, A Bino, G Malisardi, A Baldisserotto, S Manfredini. Evaluation of antiradical activity of different cocoa and chocolate products: Relation with lipid and protein composition. J Med Food 2014 17(4):512 – 516.
J D Lambert. Cocoa and human health. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013 57(6):933 – 933.
L Hooper, C Kay, A Abdelhamid, P A Kroon, J S Cohn, E B Rimm, A Cassidy. Effects of chocolate, cocoa, and flavan-3-ols on cardiovascular health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2012 95(3):740 – 751.
A J Flammer, F Hermann, I Sudano, L Spieker, M Hermann, K A Cooper, M Serafini, T F Lüscher, F Ruschitzka, G Noll, R Corti. Dark chocolate improves coronary vasomotion and reduces platelet reactivity. Circulation 2007 116(21):2376 – 2382.
K D Monahan. Effect of cocoa/chocolate ingestion on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and its relevance to cardiovascular health and disease in humans. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012 527(2):90 – 94.
V Y Njike, Z Faridi, K Shuval, S Dutta, C D Kay, S G West, P M Kris-Etherton, D L Katz. Effects of sugar-sweetened and sugar-free cocoa on endothelial function in overweight adults. Int. J. Cardiol. 2011 149(1):83 – 88.
C M Akbari, R Saouaf, D F Barnhill, P A Newman, F W LoGerfo, A Veves. Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation is impaired in both microcirculation and macrocirculation during acute hyperglycemia. J Vas Surg 1998 28(4):687 – 694.
M Serafini, R Bugianesi, G Maiani, S Valtuena, S De Santis, A Crozier. Plasma antioxidants from chocolate. Nature 2003 424(6952):1013 – 1013.
J Stebbing, V Gajapathy, Lowdell C. Chocolate: delicious beauty or harmful beast? Lancet Oncol 2013 14(6):457 – 458.
L S Latham, Z K Hensen, D S Minor. Chocolate—Guilty Pleasure or Healthy Supplement? J Clin Hypertens 2014 16(2):101 – 106.
M Pruijm, L Hofmann, J Charollais-Thoenig, V Forni, M Maillard, A Coristine, M Stuber, M Burnier, B Vogt. Effect of dark chocolate on renal tissue oxygenation as measured by BOLD-MRI in healthy volunteers. Clin Nephrol. 2013 Sep;80(3):211-7.
Image Credit
http://nutritionfacts.org/
Lorenz M, Jochmann N, von Krosigk A, Martus P, Baumann G, Stangl K, Stangl V. Addition of milk prevents vascular protective effects of tea. Eur Heart J. 2007 Jan;28(2):219-23. Epub 2007 Jan 9.
L. M. Willis, B. Shukitt-Hale, and J. A. Joseph. Recent advances in berry supplementation and age-related cognitive decline. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 12(1):91{94, 2009.
N. M. A. Hassimotto, M. D. S. Pinto, and F. M. Lajolo. Antioxidant status in humans after consumption of blackberry (rubus fruticosus l.) juices with and without defatted milk. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 56(24):11727{11733, 2008.
M. Serani, M. F. Testa, D. Villa~no, M. Pecorari, K. van Wieren, E. Azzini, A. Brambilla, and G. Maiani. Antioxidant activity of blueberry fruit is impaired by association with milk. Free Radic.Biol. Med., 46(6):769{774, 2009.
M. Lorenz, K. Stangl, and V. Stangl. Vascular effects of tea are suppressed by soy milk. Atherosclerosis, 206(1):31-32, 2009.
B M Popkin, L E Armstrong, G M Bray, B Caballero, B Frei, W C Willett. A new proposed guidance system for beverage consumption in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Mar;83(3):529-42.
S H Jee, J He, L J Appel, P K Whelton, I Suh, M J Klag. Coffee consumption and serum lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Feb 15;153(4):353-62.
S J Duffy, J F Jr, Keaney, M Holbrook, N Gokce, P L Swedloff, B Frei, J A Vita. Short- and long-term black tea consumption reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2001 Jul 10;104(2):151-6.
K Hirata, K Shimada, H Watanabe, R Otsuka, K Tokai, M Yoshiyama, S Homma, J Yoshikawa. Black tea increases coronary flow velocity reserve in healthy male subjects. Am J Cardiol. 2004 Jun 1;93(11):1384-8, A6.
C M Papamichael, K A Aznaouridis, E N Karatzis, K N Karatzi, K S Stamatelopoulos, G Vamvakou, J P Lekakis, M E Mavrikakis. Effect of coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects: the role of caffeine. Clin Sci (Lond). 2005 Jul;109(1):55-60.
N D Freedman, Y Park, C C Abnet, A R Hollenbeck, R Sinha. Association of Coffee Drinking with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality. N Engl J Med. 2012 May 17;366(20):1891-904.
I Spyridopoulous, S Fichtlscherer, R Popp, S W Toennes, B Fissithaler, T Trepels, A Zernecke, E A Liehn, C Weber, A M Zeiher, S Dimmeler, J Haendeler. Caffeine enhances endothelial repair by an AMPK-dependent mechanism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008 Nov;28(11):1967-74.
S Buscemi, S Verga, J A Batsis, M R Tranchina, S Belmonte, A Mattina, A Re, R Rizzo, G Cerasola. Dose-dependent effects of decaffeinated coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Oct;63(10):1200-5.
S Buscemi, J A Batsis, G Arcoleo, S Verga. Coffee and endothelial function: a battle between caffeine and antioxidants? Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Oct;64(10):1242-3.
M Schechter, G Shalmon, M Scheinowitz, N Koren-Morag, M S Feinberg, D Harats, B A Sela, Y Sharabi, P Chouraqui. Impact of acute caffeine ingestion on endothelial function in subjects with and without coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 2011 May 1;107(9):1255-61.
G Siasos, E Oikonomou, C Chrysohoou, D Tousoulis, D Panagiotakos, M Zaromitidou, K Zisimos, E Kokkou, G Marinos, A G Papavassiliou, C Pitsavos, C Stefanadis. Consumption of a boiled Greek type of coffee is associated with improved endothelial function: the Ikaria study. Vasc Med. 2013 Apr;18(2):55-62.
S Agewall, S Wright, R N Doughty, G A Whalley, M Duxbury, N Sharpe. Does a glass of red wine improve endothelial function? Eur Heart J. 2000 Jan;21(1):74-8.
M Namdar, T Schepis, P Koepfli, O Gaemperli, P T Siegrist, R Grathwohi, I Valenta, R Delaloye, M Klainguti, C A Wyss, T F Luscher, P A Kaufmann. Caffeine impairs myocardial blood flow response to physical exercise in patients with coronary artery disease as well as in age-matched controls. PLoS One. 2009 May 22;4(5):e5665.
N Alexopoulos, C Vlachopoulos, K Aznaouridis, K Baou, C Vasiliadou, P Pietri, P Xaplanteris, E Stefanadi, C Stefanadis. The acute effect of green tea consumption on endothelial function in healthy individuals. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2008 Jun;15(3):300-5.
R T Ras, P L Zock, R Draijer. Tea consumption enhances endothelial-dependent vasodilation; a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2011 Mar 4;6(3):e16974.
CVD data to be standardized across Europe. Eur Heart J. 2013 Jun;34(21):1530.
S Vertuani, E Scalambra, T Vittorio, A Bino, G Malisardi, A Baldisserotto, S Manfredini. Evaluation of antiradical activity of different cocoa and chocolate products: Relation with lipid and protein composition. J Med Food 2014 17(4):512 – 516.
J D Lambert. Cocoa and human health. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013 57(6):933 – 933.
L Hooper, C Kay, A Abdelhamid, P A Kroon, J S Cohn, E B Rimm, A Cassidy. Effects of chocolate, cocoa, and flavan-3-ols on cardiovascular health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2012 95(3):740 – 751.
A J Flammer, F Hermann, I Sudano, L Spieker, M Hermann, K A Cooper, M Serafini, T F Lüscher, F Ruschitzka, G Noll, R Corti. Dark chocolate improves coronary vasomotion and reduces platelet reactivity. Circulation 2007 116(21):2376 – 2382.
K D Monahan. Effect of cocoa/chocolate ingestion on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and its relevance to cardiovascular health and disease in humans. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012 527(2):90 – 94.
V Y Njike, Z Faridi, K Shuval, S Dutta, C D Kay, S G West, P M Kris-Etherton, D L Katz. Effects of sugar-sweetened and sugar-free cocoa on endothelial function in overweight adults. Int. J. Cardiol. 2011 149(1):83 – 88.
C M Akbari, R Saouaf, D F Barnhill, P A Newman, F W LoGerfo, A Veves. Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation is impaired in both microcirculation and macrocirculation during acute hyperglycemia. J Vas Surg 1998 28(4):687 – 694.
M Serafini, R Bugianesi, G Maiani, S Valtuena, S De Santis, A Crozier. Plasma antioxidants from chocolate. Nature 2003 424(6952):1013 – 1013.
J Stebbing, V Gajapathy, Lowdell C. Chocolate: delicious beauty or harmful beast? Lancet Oncol 2013 14(6):457 – 458.
L S Latham, Z K Hensen, D S Minor. Chocolate—Guilty Pleasure or Healthy Supplement? J Clin Hypertens 2014 16(2):101 – 106.
M Pruijm, L Hofmann, J Charollais-Thoenig, V Forni, M Maillard, A Coristine, M Stuber, M Burnier, B Vogt. Effect of dark chocolate on renal tissue oxygenation as measured by BOLD-MRI in healthy volunteers. Clin Nephrol. 2013 Sep;80(3):211-7.
