Cruciferous Vegetables "Cabbage Family"
日本語
This may explain why we get dramatic suppression of cancer cell growth from raw broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, but hardly anything from boiled, microwaved or steamed, except for microwaved broccoli —that actually retains some cancer fighting abilities. But who wants to eat raw Brussels sprouts?
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How to preserve and get the benefits of the raw in cooked vegetables like broccoli of "Cabbage Family"?
If you chop the broccoli, Brussels sprouts, kale, collards, or cauliflower first, and wait for 40 minutes, then you can cook them all you want.
It is because during that time after the chopping, the enzyme is already done doing its job and the Sulforaphane is already made, so you don’t need it anymore. |
There is another way that does not require pre-chopping and that is by adding some Exogenous enzyme "Myrosinase".
All Cruciferous Vegetables have this enzyme. You can sprinkle a pinch of Mustard Powder, or add a small amount of fresh greens like some Daikon Radish, Horseradish, or Wasabi to your cooked greens. |
Addition of powdered mustard seeds to cooked cabbage-family vegetables provides a natural source of the enzyme and then it’s like you’re practically just eating it raw.
Here’s “in graph” the amount of Sulforaphane in boiled broccoli, and that is how much you get if you add a tiny pinch of mustard powder. This works on frozen broccoli too. |
Sources
Image Credit
Image Credit
http://nutritionfacts.org/
S K Ghawi, L Methven, K Niranjan. The potential to intensify sulforaphane formation in cooked broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) using mustard seeds (Sinapis alba). Food Chem. 2013 Jun 1;138(2-3):1734-41.
E B Dosz, E H Jeffery. Commercially produced frozen broccoli lacks the ability to form sulforaphane. Journal of Functional Foods Volume 5, Issue 2, April 2013, Pages 987–990.
L Ferrarini, N Pellegrini, T Mazzeo, C Miglio, S Galati, F Milano, C Rossi, A Buschini. Anti-proliferative activity and chemoprotective effects towards DNA oxidative damage of fresh and cooked Brassicaceae. Br J Nutr. 2012 May;107(9):1324-32.
H Olsen, S Grimmer, K Aaby, S Saha, G I A Borge. Antiproliferative Effects of Fresh and Thermal Processed Green and Red Cultivars of Curly Kale (Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala var. sabellica). J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Aug 1;60(30):7375-83.
S Saha, W Hollands, B Teucher, P W Needs, A Narbad, C A Ortori, D A Barrett, J T Rossiter, R F Mithen P A Kroon. Isothiocyanate concentrations and interconversion of sulforaphane to erucin in human subjects after consumption of commercial frozen broccoli compared to fresh broccoli. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2012 Dec;56(12):1906-16.
E B Dosz, E H Jeffery. Modifying the Processing and Handling of Frozen Broccoli for Increased Sulforaphane Formation. J Food Sci. 2013 Sep;78(9):H1459-63.
R Verkerk, M Schreiner, A Krumbein, E Ciska, B Holst, I Rowland, R D Schrijver, M Hansen, C Gerh!user, R Mithen, M Dekker. Glucosinolates in Brassica vegetables: The influence of the food supply chain on intake, bioavailability and human health. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2009 Sep;53 Suppl 2:S219.
J W Fahey, P Talalay. Antioxidant functions of sulforaphane: a potent inducer of Phase II detoxication enzymes. Food Chem Toxicol. 1999 Sep-Oct;37(9-10):973-9.
J D Clarke, R H Dashwood, E Ho. Multi-targeted prevention of cancer by sulforaphane. Cancer Lett. 2008 Oct 8;269(2):291-304.
C E Guerrero-Beltrána, M Calderón-Oliver, J Pedraza-Chaverri,Y I Chirino. Protective effect of sulforaphane against oxidative stress: Recent advances. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2012 Jul;64(5):503-8.
C Fimognari, P Hrelia. Sulforaphane as a promising molecule for fighting cancer. Mutat Res. 2007 May-Jun;635(2-3):90-104.
H Liu, A J O Smith, M C Lott, Y Bao, R P Bowater, J R Reddan, I M Wormstone. Sulforaphane Can Protect Lens Cells Against Oxidative Stress: Implications for Cataract Prevention. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013 Aug 5;54(8):5236-48.
A Tarozzi, C Angeloni, M Malaguti, F Morroni, S Hrelia, P Hrelia. Sulforaphane as a Potential Protective Phytochemical against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Volume 2013 (2013), 415078.
J W Fahey, Y Zhang, P Talalay. Broccoli sprouts: An exceptionally rich source of inducers of enzymes that protect against chemical carcinogens.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Sep 16, 1997; 94(19): 10367–10372.
Vermeulen M, Klöpping-Ketelaars IW, van den Berg R, Vaes WH. Bioavailability and kinetics of sulforaphane in humans after consumption of cooked versus raw broccoli. J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Nov 26;56(22):10505-9.
Image Credit
http://nutritionfacts.org/
S K Ghawi, L Methven, K Niranjan. The potential to intensify sulforaphane formation in cooked broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) using mustard seeds (Sinapis alba). Food Chem. 2013 Jun 1;138(2-3):1734-41.
E B Dosz, E H Jeffery. Commercially produced frozen broccoli lacks the ability to form sulforaphane. Journal of Functional Foods Volume 5, Issue 2, April 2013, Pages 987–990.
L Ferrarini, N Pellegrini, T Mazzeo, C Miglio, S Galati, F Milano, C Rossi, A Buschini. Anti-proliferative activity and chemoprotective effects towards DNA oxidative damage of fresh and cooked Brassicaceae. Br J Nutr. 2012 May;107(9):1324-32.
H Olsen, S Grimmer, K Aaby, S Saha, G I A Borge. Antiproliferative Effects of Fresh and Thermal Processed Green and Red Cultivars of Curly Kale (Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala var. sabellica). J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Aug 1;60(30):7375-83.
S Saha, W Hollands, B Teucher, P W Needs, A Narbad, C A Ortori, D A Barrett, J T Rossiter, R F Mithen P A Kroon. Isothiocyanate concentrations and interconversion of sulforaphane to erucin in human subjects after consumption of commercial frozen broccoli compared to fresh broccoli. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2012 Dec;56(12):1906-16.
E B Dosz, E H Jeffery. Modifying the Processing and Handling of Frozen Broccoli for Increased Sulforaphane Formation. J Food Sci. 2013 Sep;78(9):H1459-63.
R Verkerk, M Schreiner, A Krumbein, E Ciska, B Holst, I Rowland, R D Schrijver, M Hansen, C Gerh!user, R Mithen, M Dekker. Glucosinolates in Brassica vegetables: The influence of the food supply chain on intake, bioavailability and human health. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2009 Sep;53 Suppl 2:S219.
J W Fahey, P Talalay. Antioxidant functions of sulforaphane: a potent inducer of Phase II detoxication enzymes. Food Chem Toxicol. 1999 Sep-Oct;37(9-10):973-9.
J D Clarke, R H Dashwood, E Ho. Multi-targeted prevention of cancer by sulforaphane. Cancer Lett. 2008 Oct 8;269(2):291-304.
C E Guerrero-Beltrána, M Calderón-Oliver, J Pedraza-Chaverri,Y I Chirino. Protective effect of sulforaphane against oxidative stress: Recent advances. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2012 Jul;64(5):503-8.
C Fimognari, P Hrelia. Sulforaphane as a promising molecule for fighting cancer. Mutat Res. 2007 May-Jun;635(2-3):90-104.
H Liu, A J O Smith, M C Lott, Y Bao, R P Bowater, J R Reddan, I M Wormstone. Sulforaphane Can Protect Lens Cells Against Oxidative Stress: Implications for Cataract Prevention. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013 Aug 5;54(8):5236-48.
A Tarozzi, C Angeloni, M Malaguti, F Morroni, S Hrelia, P Hrelia. Sulforaphane as a Potential Protective Phytochemical against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Volume 2013 (2013), 415078.
J W Fahey, Y Zhang, P Talalay. Broccoli sprouts: An exceptionally rich source of inducers of enzymes that protect against chemical carcinogens.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Sep 16, 1997; 94(19): 10367–10372.
Vermeulen M, Klöpping-Ketelaars IW, van den Berg R, Vaes WH. Bioavailability and kinetics of sulforaphane in humans after consumption of cooked versus raw broccoli. J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Nov 26;56(22):10505-9.