Nutrient Blocking Effects of Dairy
日本語
Chocolate, Beverages and Arterial Function
Cocoa & Chocolate - Although cocoa is frequently found in foods like chocolate which can contain high levels of fat and sugar, the cocoa powder itself has beneficial effects in a number of chronic disease conditions including heart disease.
A teaspoon of cocoa powder gives one a significant boost in arterial function within hours of consumption. |
However, the addition of milk inhibits the absorption of phytonutrients into the bloodstream and also blocks antioxidant activity of the chocolate within the body.
If you eat dark chocolate, you get a nice spike in the antioxidant power of your bloodstream within an hour. But if you eat milk chocolate or dark chocolate with a cup of milk, the benefit is suppressed. Coffee, Wine & Tea - Caffeine has a number of potential benefits. But within 30 minutes of drinking a cup of coffee there is a significant drop in the ability of our arteries to dilate. |
It’s like the story with red wine. De-alcoholized red wine significantly improves arterial function, because there’s grape components trying to help, but the presence of alcohol counteracts and erases the benefit.
But how might we get the potential benefits of caffeine without the risky compounds in caffeinated coffee? We can get it from tea! Caffeine in tea form appears to have the opposite effect and enhances artery function - substantial beneficial effects for both black tea and green tea. |
Tea appears to boost the benefit in healthy individuals, as well as heart disease patients "graph A", reversing some of their arterial dysfunction, both immediately and in the longer-term.
However, addition of milk totally blocks the beneficial effects of the phytonutrients in the tea too "graph B". Here’s the control "graph C", plain water. Then comes, the plain black tea, and you can see the spike in beneficial effects that appear completely blocked by milk. Then scientists tried three types of soy-milk: sweetened, calcium-enriched, and unsweetened. All of which, had the same effect as milk! |
What If We Eat Our Berries With Dairy?
Berries - "Ellagic acid" is considered one of the key phytonutrients in berries, which, for example, play a role in the ability of berries to prevent age-related cognitive decline. But addition of dairy like cream, blocks the absorption of nutrients from strawberries and blueberries as well.
Sources
Image Credit
Image Credit
http://nutritionfacts.org/
Lorenz M, Jochmann N, von Krosigk A, Martus P, Baumann G, Stangl K, Stangl V. Addition of milk prevents vascular protective effects of tea. Eur Heart J. 2007 Jan;28(2):219-23. Epub 2007 Jan 9.
L. M. Willis, B. Shukitt-Hale, and J. A. Joseph. Recent advances in berry supplementation and age-related cognitive decline. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 12(1):91{94, 2009.
N. M. A. Hassimotto, M. D. S. Pinto, and F. M. Lajolo. Antioxidant status in humans after consumption of blackberry (rubus fruticosus l.) juices with and without defatted milk. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 56(24):11727{11733, 2008.
M. Serani, M. F. Testa, D. Villa~no, M. Pecorari, K. van Wieren, E. Azzini, A. Brambilla, and G. Maiani. Antioxidant activity of blueberry fruit is impaired by association with milk. Free Radic.Biol. Med., 46(6):769{774, 2009.
M. Lorenz, K. Stangl, and V. Stangl. Vascular effects of tea are suppressed by soy milk. Atherosclerosis, 206(1):31-32, 2009.
B M Popkin, L E Armstrong, G M Bray, B Caballero, B Frei, W C Willett. A new proposed guidance system for beverage consumption in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Mar;83(3):529-42.
S H Jee, J He, L J Appel, P K Whelton, I Suh, M J Klag. Coffee consumption and serum lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Feb 15;153(4):353-62.
S J Duffy, J F Jr, Keaney, M Holbrook, N Gokce, P L Swedloff, B Frei, J A Vita. Short- and long-term black tea consumption reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2001 Jul 10;104(2):151-6.
K Hirata, K Shimada, H Watanabe, R Otsuka, K Tokai, M Yoshiyama, S Homma, J Yoshikawa. Black tea increases coronary flow velocity reserve in healthy male subjects. Am J Cardiol. 2004 Jun 1;93(11):1384-8, A6.
C M Papamichael, K A Aznaouridis, E N Karatzis, K N Karatzi, K S Stamatelopoulos, G Vamvakou, J P Lekakis, M E Mavrikakis. Effect of coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects: the role of caffeine. Clin Sci (Lond). 2005 Jul;109(1):55-60.
N D Freedman, Y Park, C C Abnet, A R Hollenbeck, R Sinha. Association of Coffee Drinking with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality. N Engl J Med. 2012 May 17;366(20):1891-904.
I Spyridopoulous, S Fichtlscherer, R Popp, S W Toennes, B Fissithaler, T Trepels, A Zernecke, E A Liehn, C Weber, A M Zeiher, S Dimmeler, J Haendeler. Caffeine enhances endothelial repair by an AMPK-dependent mechanism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008 Nov;28(11):1967-74.
S Buscemi, S Verga, J A Batsis, M R Tranchina, S Belmonte, A Mattina, A Re, R Rizzo, G Cerasola. Dose-dependent effects of decaffeinated coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Oct;63(10):1200-5.
S Buscemi, J A Batsis, G Arcoleo, S Verga. Coffee and endothelial function: a battle between caffeine and antioxidants? Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Oct;64(10):1242-3.
M Schechter, G Shalmon, M Scheinowitz, N Koren-Morag, M S Feinberg, D Harats, B A Sela, Y Sharabi, P Chouraqui. Impact of acute caffeine ingestion on endothelial function in subjects with and without coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 2011 May 1;107(9):1255-61.
G Siasos, E Oikonomou, C Chrysohoou, D Tousoulis, D Panagiotakos, M Zaromitidou, K Zisimos, E Kokkou, G Marinos, A G Papavassiliou, C Pitsavos, C Stefanadis. Consumption of a boiled Greek type of coffee is associated with improved endothelial function: the Ikaria study. Vasc Med. 2013 Apr;18(2):55-62.
S Agewall, S Wright, R N Doughty, G A Whalley, M Duxbury, N Sharpe. Does a glass of red wine improve endothelial function? Eur Heart J. 2000 Jan;21(1):74-8.
M Namdar, T Schepis, P Koepfli, O Gaemperli, P T Siegrist, R Grathwohi, I Valenta, R Delaloye, M Klainguti, C A Wyss, T F Luscher, P A Kaufmann. Caffeine impairs myocardial blood flow response to physical exercise in patients with coronary artery disease as well as in age-matched controls. PLoS One. 2009 May 22;4(5):e5665.
N Alexopoulos, C Vlachopoulos, K Aznaouridis, K Baou, C Vasiliadou, P Pietri, P Xaplanteris, E Stefanadi, C Stefanadis. The acute effect of green tea consumption on endothelial function in healthy individuals. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2008 Jun;15(3):300-5.
R T Ras, P L Zock, R Draijer. Tea consumption enhances endothelial-dependent vasodilation; a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2011 Mar 4;6(3):e16974.
CVD data to be standardized across Europe. Eur Heart J. 2013 Jun;34(21):1530.
S Vertuani, E Scalambra, T Vittorio, A Bino, G Malisardi, A Baldisserotto, S Manfredini. Evaluation of antiradical activity of different cocoa and chocolate products: Relation with lipid and protein composition. J Med Food 2014 17(4):512 – 516.
J D Lambert. Cocoa and human health. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013 57(6):933 – 933.
L Hooper, C Kay, A Abdelhamid, P A Kroon, J S Cohn, E B Rimm, A Cassidy. Effects of chocolate, cocoa, and flavan-3-ols on cardiovascular health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2012 95(3):740 – 751.
A J Flammer, F Hermann, I Sudano, L Spieker, M Hermann, K A Cooper, M Serafini, T F Lüscher, F Ruschitzka, G Noll, R Corti. Dark chocolate improves coronary vasomotion and reduces platelet reactivity. Circulation 2007 116(21):2376 – 2382.
K D Monahan. Effect of cocoa/chocolate ingestion on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and its relevance to cardiovascular health and disease in humans. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012 527(2):90 – 94.
V Y Njike, Z Faridi, K Shuval, S Dutta, C D Kay, S G West, P M Kris-Etherton, D L Katz. Effects of sugar-sweetened and sugar-free cocoa on endothelial function in overweight adults. Int. J. Cardiol. 2011 149(1):83 – 88.
C M Akbari, R Saouaf, D F Barnhill, P A Newman, F W LoGerfo, A Veves. Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation is impaired in both microcirculation and macrocirculation during acute hyperglycemia. J Vas Surg 1998 28(4):687 – 694.
M Serafini, R Bugianesi, G Maiani, S Valtuena, S De Santis, A Crozier. Plasma antioxidants from chocolate. Nature 2003 424(6952):1013 – 1013.
J Stebbing, V Gajapathy, Lowdell C. Chocolate: delicious beauty or harmful beast? Lancet Oncol 2013 14(6):457 – 458.
L S Latham, Z K Hensen, D S Minor. Chocolate—Guilty Pleasure or Healthy Supplement? J Clin Hypertens 2014 16(2):101 – 106.
M Pruijm, L Hofmann, J Charollais-Thoenig, V Forni, M Maillard, A Coristine, M Stuber, M Burnier, B Vogt. Effect of dark chocolate on renal tissue oxygenation as measured by BOLD-MRI in healthy volunteers. Clin Nephrol. 2013 Sep;80(3):211-7.
Image Credit
http://nutritionfacts.org/
Lorenz M, Jochmann N, von Krosigk A, Martus P, Baumann G, Stangl K, Stangl V. Addition of milk prevents vascular protective effects of tea. Eur Heart J. 2007 Jan;28(2):219-23. Epub 2007 Jan 9.
L. M. Willis, B. Shukitt-Hale, and J. A. Joseph. Recent advances in berry supplementation and age-related cognitive decline. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 12(1):91{94, 2009.
N. M. A. Hassimotto, M. D. S. Pinto, and F. M. Lajolo. Antioxidant status in humans after consumption of blackberry (rubus fruticosus l.) juices with and without defatted milk. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 56(24):11727{11733, 2008.
M. Serani, M. F. Testa, D. Villa~no, M. Pecorari, K. van Wieren, E. Azzini, A. Brambilla, and G. Maiani. Antioxidant activity of blueberry fruit is impaired by association with milk. Free Radic.Biol. Med., 46(6):769{774, 2009.
M. Lorenz, K. Stangl, and V. Stangl. Vascular effects of tea are suppressed by soy milk. Atherosclerosis, 206(1):31-32, 2009.
B M Popkin, L E Armstrong, G M Bray, B Caballero, B Frei, W C Willett. A new proposed guidance system for beverage consumption in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Mar;83(3):529-42.
S H Jee, J He, L J Appel, P K Whelton, I Suh, M J Klag. Coffee consumption and serum lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Feb 15;153(4):353-62.
S J Duffy, J F Jr, Keaney, M Holbrook, N Gokce, P L Swedloff, B Frei, J A Vita. Short- and long-term black tea consumption reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2001 Jul 10;104(2):151-6.
K Hirata, K Shimada, H Watanabe, R Otsuka, K Tokai, M Yoshiyama, S Homma, J Yoshikawa. Black tea increases coronary flow velocity reserve in healthy male subjects. Am J Cardiol. 2004 Jun 1;93(11):1384-8, A6.
C M Papamichael, K A Aznaouridis, E N Karatzis, K N Karatzi, K S Stamatelopoulos, G Vamvakou, J P Lekakis, M E Mavrikakis. Effect of coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects: the role of caffeine. Clin Sci (Lond). 2005 Jul;109(1):55-60.
N D Freedman, Y Park, C C Abnet, A R Hollenbeck, R Sinha. Association of Coffee Drinking with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality. N Engl J Med. 2012 May 17;366(20):1891-904.
I Spyridopoulous, S Fichtlscherer, R Popp, S W Toennes, B Fissithaler, T Trepels, A Zernecke, E A Liehn, C Weber, A M Zeiher, S Dimmeler, J Haendeler. Caffeine enhances endothelial repair by an AMPK-dependent mechanism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008 Nov;28(11):1967-74.
S Buscemi, S Verga, J A Batsis, M R Tranchina, S Belmonte, A Mattina, A Re, R Rizzo, G Cerasola. Dose-dependent effects of decaffeinated coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Oct;63(10):1200-5.
S Buscemi, J A Batsis, G Arcoleo, S Verga. Coffee and endothelial function: a battle between caffeine and antioxidants? Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Oct;64(10):1242-3.
M Schechter, G Shalmon, M Scheinowitz, N Koren-Morag, M S Feinberg, D Harats, B A Sela, Y Sharabi, P Chouraqui. Impact of acute caffeine ingestion on endothelial function in subjects with and without coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 2011 May 1;107(9):1255-61.
G Siasos, E Oikonomou, C Chrysohoou, D Tousoulis, D Panagiotakos, M Zaromitidou, K Zisimos, E Kokkou, G Marinos, A G Papavassiliou, C Pitsavos, C Stefanadis. Consumption of a boiled Greek type of coffee is associated with improved endothelial function: the Ikaria study. Vasc Med. 2013 Apr;18(2):55-62.
S Agewall, S Wright, R N Doughty, G A Whalley, M Duxbury, N Sharpe. Does a glass of red wine improve endothelial function? Eur Heart J. 2000 Jan;21(1):74-8.
M Namdar, T Schepis, P Koepfli, O Gaemperli, P T Siegrist, R Grathwohi, I Valenta, R Delaloye, M Klainguti, C A Wyss, T F Luscher, P A Kaufmann. Caffeine impairs myocardial blood flow response to physical exercise in patients with coronary artery disease as well as in age-matched controls. PLoS One. 2009 May 22;4(5):e5665.
N Alexopoulos, C Vlachopoulos, K Aznaouridis, K Baou, C Vasiliadou, P Pietri, P Xaplanteris, E Stefanadi, C Stefanadis. The acute effect of green tea consumption on endothelial function in healthy individuals. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2008 Jun;15(3):300-5.
R T Ras, P L Zock, R Draijer. Tea consumption enhances endothelial-dependent vasodilation; a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2011 Mar 4;6(3):e16974.
CVD data to be standardized across Europe. Eur Heart J. 2013 Jun;34(21):1530.
S Vertuani, E Scalambra, T Vittorio, A Bino, G Malisardi, A Baldisserotto, S Manfredini. Evaluation of antiradical activity of different cocoa and chocolate products: Relation with lipid and protein composition. J Med Food 2014 17(4):512 – 516.
J D Lambert. Cocoa and human health. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013 57(6):933 – 933.
L Hooper, C Kay, A Abdelhamid, P A Kroon, J S Cohn, E B Rimm, A Cassidy. Effects of chocolate, cocoa, and flavan-3-ols on cardiovascular health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2012 95(3):740 – 751.
A J Flammer, F Hermann, I Sudano, L Spieker, M Hermann, K A Cooper, M Serafini, T F Lüscher, F Ruschitzka, G Noll, R Corti. Dark chocolate improves coronary vasomotion and reduces platelet reactivity. Circulation 2007 116(21):2376 – 2382.
K D Monahan. Effect of cocoa/chocolate ingestion on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and its relevance to cardiovascular health and disease in humans. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012 527(2):90 – 94.
V Y Njike, Z Faridi, K Shuval, S Dutta, C D Kay, S G West, P M Kris-Etherton, D L Katz. Effects of sugar-sweetened and sugar-free cocoa on endothelial function in overweight adults. Int. J. Cardiol. 2011 149(1):83 – 88.
C M Akbari, R Saouaf, D F Barnhill, P A Newman, F W LoGerfo, A Veves. Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation is impaired in both microcirculation and macrocirculation during acute hyperglycemia. J Vas Surg 1998 28(4):687 – 694.
M Serafini, R Bugianesi, G Maiani, S Valtuena, S De Santis, A Crozier. Plasma antioxidants from chocolate. Nature 2003 424(6952):1013 – 1013.
J Stebbing, V Gajapathy, Lowdell C. Chocolate: delicious beauty or harmful beast? Lancet Oncol 2013 14(6):457 – 458.
L S Latham, Z K Hensen, D S Minor. Chocolate—Guilty Pleasure or Healthy Supplement? J Clin Hypertens 2014 16(2):101 – 106.
M Pruijm, L Hofmann, J Charollais-Thoenig, V Forni, M Maillard, A Coristine, M Stuber, M Burnier, B Vogt. Effect of dark chocolate on renal tissue oxygenation as measured by BOLD-MRI in healthy volunteers. Clin Nephrol. 2013 Sep;80(3):211-7.